Regional Metropolis: Constantinople and Tenochtitlan Essay

Constantinople and Tenochtitlan were two incredible urban communities in their time. The two of them had numerous predominant physical highlights. They likewise had numerous social impacts and their significant capacity for every city was extraordinary. The two urban areas had significant tourist spots and their areas despite everything exist. The urban areas both had strict affiliations and other significant angles. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan assistance to give you what urban areas resembled between 1160-1520. Any two urban areas could have been decided to show what it resembled in those days. These two show the worldwide idea of this event by differentiating the two. One is situated in the Mediterranean and the other is in Mesoamerica so they are essentially completely different. They additionally experience two various types of life. These two were additionally picked to be looked at on the grounds that a considerable lot of the Europeans went to these spots and made their own responsible examinations on what they had thought. Every city had its own prevailing physical attributes. Constantinople had St. Sophia and the hippodrome. It likewise had wealthy houses and markets. Constantinople was in the inside for exchanging on the Silk Road. It additionally had an incredible protection framework on the grounds that the city was encircled by water. The city had the Old Horn Port on one of its edges. Tenochtitlan was developed in the bogs. The city additionally had unique streets to associate it to the territory. Every city had its method of living with their physical highlights. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan each had its own arrangement of social impacts. Constantinople was for the most part Roman and Greek. They essentially communicated in Greek there. They were likewise Christian Orthodox. Tenochtitlan was worked by the motivation of two more seasoned urban communities. The settlers and guests that came needed to remain in their own neighborhoods. They likewise exchanged with the north and south. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan were affected by their societies. The significant capacity for every city was not the same as one another. Constantinople was utilized as a political spot. It was likewise strict. Constantinople was likewise a significant exchange community. Tenochtitlan was for the most part a strict focus. It had distinctive ceremonial forfeits that went on. It additionally had a ton of strict functions that went on. The two of them had differentâ functions. The urban communities had numerous significant tourist spots and their areas despite everything exist. Constantinople had St. Sophia just as the Mese Road or â€Å"Midway†. The Golden Gate was additionally situated there. Different spots situated here are the Golden Horn and the Hippodrome. Tenochtitlan had the Pyramid of the Sun. They likewise had the Market. Old Horn Port is still around today. Tenochtitlan stood where present day Mexico City is. Every city had its own arrangement of significant spots and each are still around here and there. Every city had its own strict affiliations. Constantinople was based on the Orthodox Church. Tenochtitlan had numerous things that were strict. They had penances in their city. They additionally had numerous Gods and were polytheistic. Tenochtitlan likewise had numerous clerics and a boss to gaze upward to. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan had their own specific manner of having faith in their religions. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan additionally had some other significant attributes. Constantinople was amazingly well off. They additionally had occupant Greeks that were not made for war. The language of Tenochtitlan was Nahuatl. They additionally had a populace of 200,000. Their city was worked by the Aztecs. The two urban areas had numerous significant attributes. Most Europeans had their part in thee decay of both of these urban areas. Numerous spots state that their religions had an effect on their brutality. The two of them had a fixation for gold and other well off material. They each had a major populace for their time. Many accepted that due to their incredible and distinctive urban advancement worked out positively for the way that they had a cutting edge monetary turn of events. Both were worked in impersonation of more established urban areas and all the more notable places. The two of them were referred to additional as majestic capitals, yet now they are regularly alluded to as urban areas. Constantinople was more established, however its turned out to be increasingly acclaimed as a Roman capital later ever. Tenochtitlan was a more youthful city and immediately developed from a little spot into the biggest city of the Americas as their extension of intensity became over the entirety of Mesoamerica. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan assisted with showing how urban areas created and what their lives resembled in those days when they were creating urban areas. The two of them had their own arrangement of physical qualities. They additionally had their a lot of social impacts and what their significant capacity for their city was. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan included significant tourist spots inside every one of their city limits and the site for their areas are still around in some structure. They likewise had their own strict convictions and lifestyles. They likewise had some other significant viewpoints to their urban areas to unmistakable themselves from different urban communities. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan were delegated a city, however do you figure they could have gotten more than that? List of sources Wiesner, Wheeler, Doeringer, Curtis. Finding The Global Past. Houghton Mifflin Company; New York: 2007. Pages 268-300. Source 4, Illustrated Map of Constantinople, thirteenth Century Source 5, Interior Saint Sophia Source 10, Spanish Illustrated Map of Tenochtitlan

Oedipus a Tragic Hero Free Essays

Oedipus: A Tragic Hero Aristotle’s disastrous legend is one of the most unmistakable kinds of saints among writing. An awful saint consolidates five significant focuses all of which have to do with the hero’s height in the public arena, his shortcomings, how these issues impact him, the discipline his flaws gets him, and how he responds to this discipline. Aristotle clarified that the account of Oedipus the King, composed by Sophocles, is an ideal case of a shocking legend. We will compose a custom article test on Oedipus: a Tragic Hero or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now In the play, Oedipus is given a prescience in which he is informed that he will slaughter his dad at that point wed his mom. As in numerous Greek plays, Oedipus attempts to run from his prescience and winds up satisfying precisely what it is predicted. Through the play we see that Oedipus forces a considerable lot of the qualities of an unfortunate saint, for example, he is of respectable height, his defeat was his own shortcoming, and that his discipline was not completely merited. The main characteristic that Oedipus has that makes him an awful saint is that he is a man of respectable height. Inside the main lines of the play, Oedipus quickly underpins this in saying, â€Å"Here I am myself-/you know me, the world knows my distinction:/I am Oedipus† (7-8). This statement shows that Oedipus is so sure about individuals knowing who he is that he is happy to put this out there, however he isn't by and large excessively sure. This statement is later offered motivation to when we get notification from different characters, for example, the Priest when he clarifies things that Oedipus has done, for example, â€Å"You liberated us from the Sphinx, you came to Thebes/and cut us free from the grisly tribute we had paid/that cruel, ruthless singer† (44-46). The Priest delineates when Oedipus vanquished the Sphinx, which is the undertaking that picks up him the situation of ruler of Thebes. The following trademark that Oedipus has that makes him a terrible legend is that his defeat is of his own doing. The demonstration that at last adds to Oedipus’ ruin is that of when he executes his dad and he discloses to Jocasta that he murdered everybody, â€Å"I slaughtered them all-every mother’s child! † (898). Since he is discussing his father’s troop it shows that he, undoubtedly killed his dad despite the fact that he was uninformed that it was his dad at that point. That is just the start of his defeat however as he prior told the Chorus that anybody holding the killer would be reviled, regardless of whether it was himself, â€Å"†¦if by any possibility/he ends up being a private of our house†¦may the revile I just called down strike me! † (284-287). This shows exactly how genuine that Oedipus was tied in with rebuffing this individual and despite the fact that he doesn’t comprehend that it is himself, and takes for a spell for him to understand, that he was answerable for what befallen him. The last talked about trademark that Oedipus has is that his discipline was not entirely merited. There are three principle disciplines that Oedipus needs to experience on account of his wrongdoing. Those disciplines are his outcast from Thebes, the self destruction of Jocasta, and the loss of his sight. Be that as it may, the discipline that sends everything to the brink is when Oedipus strikes out his own eyes. At the point when he appears to the Chorus he comes out and talks about how awful he feels for everything in saying, â€Å"The blackest things/a man can do, I have done them all! † (1541-1542). During this very scene the Chorus talks, not to Oedipus legitimately, however to one another and the truly shrivel away from him. Clearly they don’t accept he merits this through their words, â€Å"O the terrorâ€/the affliction, for all the world to see/the most exceedingly terrible fear that at any point met my eyes,/what frenzy cleared over you? † (1432-1435). The Chorus keeps on talking about how Oedipus reviled himself by the divine beings and this is his discipline, yet can't comprehend what god would power such a discipline on any man. Works Cited Mifflin, Houghton. Language of Literature World Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. Print. Instructions to refer to Oedipus: a Tragic Hero, Essay models

Foundations of Company & Commercial Law - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theFoundations of Company Commercial Law for Partnership. Answer: There are three regular business structures that are normally utilized for the running of a business. These incorporate sole ownership, association and friends. In the given case, considering there are three individuals in particular Mary, Fred and Chris who might share the possession, henceforth, the given structure can't be named as sole ownership as the responsibility for business is restricted to just a single proprietor. Further, the given business structure by method of development doesn't appear to be an organization as this normally has expound customs which would include some time and cost for the arrangement. Additionally, the way that the terms were composed on a serviette obviously mirror that the given structure isn't an organization. Subsequently, the main conceivable business structure that appears to be likely is the association structure. So as to decide if the given structure is an organization or not, the important arrangements of the Partnership Act, 1892 (NSW) should be thought of. According to s.1 of this demonstration, any association needs to satisfy the accompanying three conditions. Carrying on of a business In the above respects, there are sure critical perspectives which must be followed. There should be contribution in business and not diversion as featured in the decision of Ferguson v Federal Commissioner of Taxation. There is a distinction between planning to carry on a business and really carrying on a business as reflected in the decision of Goudberg v Herniman Associated Pty Ltd Likewise, it is fundamental that the basic movement for which the organization is shaped isn't for a solitary endeavor or secluded exchange yet it should be for monotonous business action. This is reflected in the contentions of the Ballantyne v Raphael. In this specific case, the association was shaped among accomplices for a specific sub-division of a land and thus was not named as an organization since it was for a specific land in particular and there was no aim to over and over take part in the equivalent. Business must be completed in like manner It is fundamental that despite the fact that all the accomplices are not locked in effectively in the business yet all the business exercises must be carried for the benefit of the accomplices of the firm. This is obvious from the contentions and hidden decision of the Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd. In this specific case, the decent court demonstrated that commonality of commitments is basic for the presence of organization and without the equivalent, the connection between parties can't be named as association. Additionally, the option to partake in benefits is basic to being an accomplice as featured in the Re Ruddock case. Nearness of Profit Motive As per the critique in Wise v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd, organizations are affiliations framed with the goal to procure benefits dissimilar to clubs which are unimportant affiliations and are not considered as association as the benefit intention is by all accounts missing. Further, benefit regarding organization alludes to money related increases just as different additions can be found in other affiliation. Note that the meaning of benefit has not been offered in the PA however is gotten from critique in cases, for example, Bond Corporation Holdings Ltd Anor v Grace Bros Holdings Ltd Ors. As per this, benefit will in general happen if the advantage estimation of an association firm will in general be diverse at various purpose of time and the distinction in esteem is named as benefit. As per the over three necessities, the present situation should be broke down in order to opine whether the given structure would be an organization or not. It is clear that the three accomplices for example Mary, Fred, Chris are not constrained to arranging however set up a caf business with joint proprietorship. Further, there was nearness of an oral concurrence concerning the sharing of benefit which adds up to the organization understanding which is required for setting an association into place. It is referenced that it is a business; thus it can't be viewed as a leisure activity. Additionally, considering it is a business, consequently the benefit thought process would likewise be available. Additionally, it is evident that the business is being run in like manner as the three accomplices have stakes are likewise associated with the everyday administration of the caf. Furthermore, thinking about the idea of the business, it is likewise evident that the business isn't a confined exchange but instead a rehashed action which is done again and again, hence guaranteeing that it is without a doubt a business. It is clear from the above conversation that all the conditions related with an association relationship is satisfied in the given case, consequently it would reasonable for perceive the given business as an organization firm with Mary, Fred, Chris being accomplices. It is basic to take note of that in an association business structure not at all like the organization structure, the hidden guideline isn't the firm since an organization has no lawful element. Subsequently, the accomplice while going about as the organizations operator will in general likewise speak to different accomplices when maintaining the association business and if certain activities are attempted by the accomplice in the standard way of directing business, at that point such activities would be restricting on the firm as well as the accomplices. The main special case to this is the point at which the other party knows about the absence of approval on part of the accomplice. In any case, this is essentially appropriate for legally binding risk. The extent of conversation in the given case would be restricted principally inside the ambit of tortious risk. S. 10 of the PA is applicable in such manner and states that if any demonstration which is illegitimate or caused because of exclusion of the accomplice which brings about making harm or injury any individual who isn't the organizations accomplice, at that point the firm and accomplices mutually would be considered liable for the equivalent gave that the oversight or the unjust demonstration was completed in the common course of business. S. 12 of the PA likewise mirrors that any risk emerging from any wrong would be joint and a few. This bodes well with respect to the activities of the operator the chief is dependable which in the given case can't be firm since if the firm is sued; it basically suggests that the gatherings would be trapped in a claim. Likewise, since the association firm might have boundless obligation, along these lines there is chance that if there shoul d be an occurrence of any tort related risk, the cases might contact the individual resources of the accomplices as the fundamental obligation emerging from the tort would not be restricted to business as on account of an organization yet rather reach out to the accomplices who might be held at risk by virtue of the firm or business, Unmistakably, with respect to the above segment, a significant concern is to decide regarding what comprises as the conventional course of business. In such manner certain valuable cases are Polkinghorne v Holland and furthermore Walker and others v European Electronics Pty Ltd. In the last case, the appointed authority expressed that so as to characterize both the business extension and nature, reference should be given to the association understanding which would help in responding to the above inquiry. The accompanying editorial given by Mahoney JA is likewise important in such manner and featured as demonstrated as follows. In thinking about whether the demonstration of an individual is done in the common course of the matter of a firm of which he is a part, it is, obviously, important to figure out what the matter of the firm is. At times the matter of the firm is characterized or portrayed in the association understanding. In such a case, the court must choose, as an issue of reality, regardless of whether the demonstration being referred to can be and was done over the span of conveying it on. This might be chosen by reference to explicit proof that a demonstration of the sort being referred to is adept to be, or was, done in continuing such a business. Or on the other hand, sometimes, the court might be in a situation to consider the way that a business of the sort being referred to is well-suited to be carried on by doing demonstrations of the pertinent kind. Further, in cases, where the extension and ordinary lead of the business exercises can't be characterized or recognized through the guide of the organization understanding, at that point in such cases, the choice depends on the hidden circumstance as has been featured in the decision of the National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty. Further, this is likewise repeated in the Goldberg v Jenkins case. The prime explanation was simply fortuitous since in the normal course of business, the loan cost paid on acquired assets was altogether lesser in contrast with the rate at which the accomplice obtained which adequately brought about exclusion of the obligation for the firm and different accomplices. In the given case, additionally, the above comprehension would be appropriate and the risk should be fixed concerning the pertinent areas of the PA alongside relevant case law. It is evident that the client has been harmed attributable to the espresso being excessively hot and considering the way that the caf had obligation to mind, there is away from of carelessness and furthermore the client who has endured the consumes means to guarantee harms. It is evident that Chris who was careless while serving the espresso would be unquestionably obligated for the harms guaranteed by the client. So as to decide if the accomplices for example Mary and Fred would likewise be held obligated or not, it should be learned whether the carelessness was seen during the typical course of the business or not. It is evident that the business that the accomplices are occupied with is caf. For a caf business, making and serving espresso to the clients is a customary piece of the business and subsequently it is suitable to presume that Chris was associated with the typical business course and in this way as per s. 10, 12, all the accomplices would be mutually and seriously answerable for the harm asserted by the distressed client. The current

Belarus essays

Belarus papers On August 25, 1991 the Republic of Belarus picked up its autonomy from the Soviet Union.The Republic of Belarus had perceived the city of Minsk as its capital. Landlocked in Eastern Europe, Belarus has an all out zone of 207,600 sq km, including no calculable water regions. Belarus has 3,098 km of fringe neighboring 5 unique nations. Belarus is chiefly contained by and large of level land with a decent arrangement of marshland. This land can be jumped into 5 land utilizes: arable land 29%, perpetual yields 1%, lasting fields 15%, timberlands and forest 34%, other 21% (1993 est.). Belarus for the most part has cool and damp summers with cold and now and then cruel winters. Belarus primary common assets comprise of peat stores, woods, and little amounts of petroleum gas and oil. Since Minsks freedom in 1944 its populace has consistently expanded from 50,000 to 1,672,000 individuals as (1995 est.), qualifying it as the biggest city in Belarus. Barring Minsk, Belarus top 5 urban communities by populace all together are: Homjel', Mahiljow, Vicebsk, Hrodna, and Brst (2001 est.). 99.9 % of all power in Belarus is delivered by petroleum products wh ile 0.01 % is hydroelectric. Every year, Belarus produces 24.911 billion kWh while the utilization of kWh is at 27.647 billion kWh, driving Belarus to import 7.1 billion kWh, despite the fact that Belarus exports 2.62 billion kWh. The main ecological issues tormenting Belarus are soil contamination from over the top pesticide use and atomic aftermath in the south from the 1986 Chernobyl mishap. Belarus has a populace of 10,350,194, developing at a pace of - .15% every year. Belarus has a populace thickness of 50.10 individuals/sq km, presently positioned 147th on the planet. Belarus has a death pace of 13.97 passings/1,000 populace and a newborn child death pace of 14.38 passings/1,000 live births. Belarus proportions are: under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female ... <!

Human resource career field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human asset profession field - Research Paper Example Thus, a HR generalist needs to perform day by day errands, for example, monitoring the different exercises in the HR division just as month to month revealing and yearly or semi-yearly interest in the examinations and different assignments. The elements of the HR generalist work that intrigue me are to do with the feeling of being accountable for the HR work and the ringside see that the propositions for employment as far as taking an interest in the enrollment, preparing and execution assessment of the representatives. The most energizing thing about the HR generalist work is that one can engage with the different exercises of the HR work and get an opportunity to apply a portion of the hypothetical information picked up during the instruction and furthermore get an opportunity to sharpen one’s aptitudes by rehearsing the craft of HR the board. The component of the HR generalist’s work that doesn't intrigue me is the somewhat conventional nature of the activity when contrasted with the pro job that has a more straightforward and profound contribution. The idea of the HR generalist work is with the end goal that it requires the individual to be learned about the different exercises that are commonly perfor med during the lead of the activity. Subsequently, I would be keen on assuming the job of an eyewitness cum evaluator that is a piece of the HR generalist’s work. Further, what intrigues me about the HR generalist’s job is that the activity involves hands on association for specific perspectives and a circuitous inclusion for different angles. The elements of enrollment and execution assessment are a portion of the capacities that I perform well. The capacities that I need extra preparing are the preparation and improvement work. The enlistment and preparing capacities intrigue me a ton and I am certain that I can perform well in these capacities. I have a characteristic fondness towards enrollment and execution assessment exercises since I have given significant time towards learning the suitable hypothesis in

How to Handle Rumors

How to Handle Rumors Rumors are the spice of life; but rumors can have serious consequences for us. They can affect various aspects of our lives, including our personal, social, and professional life. © Shutterstock.com | Yuliya EvstratenkoIn this article, youll learn about 1) what are rumors, why they start, and how they spread, 2) how rumors can affect you, and 3) how to handle rumors effectively.INTRODUCTION TO RUMORSWhat are rumors?Before we learn how to handle rumors, let us understand a little more about them. A rumor is the opposite of fact. A fact is verified piece of information supported by data whereas a rumor is an unverified piece of information, which is unsubstantiated by any data. Since rumors are not backed by any data, they are normally quite exaggerated pieces of information and can be far from truth.How Why Rumors StartRumors normally get started when people try to make sense of an ambiguous situation. For example, if five friends go for a jog every morning and one of them starts to miss the jog consecutively for a few days in a row, a rumor may get started that the friend is missing because they are unwell.To understand a situation, people start making guess es to the best of their understanding, based on their experiences; and before you know it, a rumor has started. Some rumors are harmless while some can ruin the image of a person or an entity. Some rumors are started with the intention of damaging the reputation of the person or thing. There are several intentions in the mind of the rumor starter. Following are some of the reasons why the rumor starter starts a rumor:To Feel Better â€" the rumor starter may be feeling down about a deficiency of their own and so they may start a rumor that makes someone else look bad in order to feel good about themselves.To Fit In  â€" the rumor starter may be looking to fit in amongst a new gang and so they may try to appear more knowledgeable than they actually are and start a rumor.To Gain Attention â€" person with news that helps explain an ambiguous situation definitely captures attention of others. The rumor starter may start a rumor to gain other’s attention.To Improve their Power/Position â€" the rumor starter may create a rumor that harms their competitor’s reputation, resultantly gaining power and improving their position.To Take Revenge â€" the rumor starter may create a rumor in vengeance, in order to take retribution from the person regarding whom rumor is started.To Pass Time â€" yes its true, some rumor starters start a rumor as a cure to their boredom!How Rumors SpreadRumors spread in proportion to ambiguity â€" the more ambiguous the environment the more easily rumors will spread. Rumors also spread speedily in environments that do not discourage them. The more attention a rumor gets, the more widespread it becomes. Whether it is a home, institute or a workplace, if the culture of the place supports rumors and does not have a mechanism for discouraging it, rumors will gain quick attention.HOW RUMORS AFFECT US â€" PERSONALLY PROFESSIONALLYRumors can affect our personal as well as professional lives, even if we have done nothing to start them. Here are a fe w ways how:On the Personal LevelRumors can have serious effects on our personal lives and become an impediment in our growth and development:Reduce Confidence: When someone starts a rumor about us and people start looking down at us, our confidence level starts to diminish as we find it harder to face others’ judgmental behaviors, criticism, and questioning looks.Low Self-Esteem: As rumors spread, we too begin to see ourselves in the negative light. Our mind begins focusing on our weaknesses; we become over critical about our actions and behaviors. Such acts result in reduced self-esteem.Inhibit Performance: Our lack of faith in our capabilities leads to reduced performance. We feel like we cannot achieve much and this belief holds us back from achieving our potential in life. Everything becomes hard and there are days when it takes a lot of effort just to get out of bed.Lead to Isolation: Due to the rumors, even those people whom we thought to be our close friends may hesitate fr om staying in contact with us. Reduced human contact slowly leads us towards isolation as we begin finding comfort in solitude.On the Professional LevelWhen rumors about us get started in the workplace, they can greatly influence our professional lives. Here are a few ways in which rumors can have an impact on us on the professional level:Reduced Motivation: When people start talking about false things regarding us at work, we lose the will to execute our official tasks. It becomes harder every day to walk-in in our office. We feel bad about the image the rumors have created and we find it hard to get in the mood of doing work.Reduced Productivity: Rumors distract us from doing our job since our mind keeps focusing on what people are saying about us instead of focusing on our work. We spend valuable time defending our position, time we should be spending doing our work. This lead to reduced output at work.Become an Obstacle in Promotion: Seniors may get to hear the rumor and form an image about us accordingly. This may mislead them into thinking we are not deserving of a promotion. We may not get a chance to explain our position especially if the chain of command is too long and we are not directly reporting to the top management.Force you to Resign: Due to the rumors, our professional reputation may have gotten totally marred and the situation may have become so out of control that there is no way out for us than to submit our resignation. Even though we could be giving up the career of our choice, but in order to run away from the rumors and for a fresh beginning we decide it is easier to resign and leave it all behind.HOW TO HANDLE RUMORS EFFECTIVELYUnfortunately, rumors can get started about the best amongst us. If you ever find yourself in a situation where a rumor has started concerning you, you must know how to handle the situation effectively. But before you know what to do, you must understand there are some things you should not do in such a situatio n. Here are some of those things:What Not to DoStay Quiet Pretend Nothing is Wrong: Even though it is easier to just shrug our shoulders and walk away from a rumor about us, it is not an effective way of handling the situation. Pretending there is nothing wrong does not mean there is not something wrong actually. Pretending that nothing is wrong will not fix the situation or make the rumor go away; in-fact it may worsen the situation. Your silence can communicate to people that the rumors are true which is why you are not doing anything about them.Show Your Frustration: Rumor starters who have started the rumor in order to get us rattled would love to see our frustration. We should not give them the satisfaction because it would only encourage them to continue. Even though we may be boiling from inside, we should act calmly and not react in front of others.Tit for Tat: We must not start cooking up rumors and spread them about the person who has started a rumor about us because we s hould not stoop down to their level. Taking revenge is only going to aggravate the situation and also earn you a reputation of a rumor starter.Hide it from Elders/Seniors: Not reporting a rumor about ourselves to seniors (if it is in the workplace) or elders (if it is in our personal life) is a big mistake. Pretty soon, they will hear about it and if we are not the ones who inform them about the rumor first, hearing it from someone else may cause them to believe the rumor. If we report it first, they will know not to believe in it when they hear it.Believe Something Must be True: Rumors can be quite persuasive, so much so that we may start believing in them ourselves even though we know they are just rumors! Our brains sometimes get programmed to believing hearsay even if it is about us. We start recalling our actions and behaviors and start doubting ourselves. We must stay strong and sure of ourselves and not let the thought of a rumor being true enter our minds.What To DoNow that we know what we should not do, here are a few things we should do in order to manage rumors about us effectively:Act Confident: When we lose our confidence and become weak, that is when the rumor starters and believers gain power. The best way to handle rumors about ourselves is to act with confidence. When you remain confident, people start thinking otherwise than what they have heard through rumors. We must show others that we have faith in ourselves and this behavior has a way of becoming contagious. When we act with confidence, others also gain confidence in us.Communicate With People: Rather than staying quiet and pretending that nothing is going on, it is essential that we communicate with people. We should approach them ourselves and inquire about what they have heard about us. We must listen with an open mind and respond accordingly, in order to clarify our position and get our side of the story heard. Remember, we are our best advocates and no one else can explain our side of the story better than us.Evaluate Your Behavior/Actions: When we find out that there is a rumor going around about us, we should first think whether any of our actions or behavior has contributed towards the initiation of the rumor. If yes, then we must make changes in our behavior and actions in order to fix the situation.Clarify your Position Using Facts: Since rumors are pieces of information which aren’t backed up by any facts, the best way to kill them is to present facts that say otherwise. If it is possible for us to gather and present facts to the people that prove that the rumor going around about us is completely false then we must make our sincere efforts towards collecting and presenting these facts. It is a sure shot way to effectively deal with rumors.Focus on Positive Thinking: We should not give up just because someone is spreading something false about us. By focusing on the brighter side of things, by being optimistic and thinking positively, we can come out s tronger than the rumors. We must continue to think positive thoughts and use our support group â€" our friends and family â€" to help us get rid of the rumors.Set Positive Examples: Actions are louder than words â€" rumors are just words, we must use our actions to prove them wrong. If someone has spread in our new workplace that we are stuck up, then every morning we enter our office we can make an effort to be first at greeting people and at asking how they are feeling. This way people will see that we are not actually stuck up like they heard we were.HOW TO HANDLE RUMORS IN YOUR ORGANIZATION IF YOU ARE A SUPERVISOR/MANAGERIf you own an organization or are a manager in one, then it is your responsibility to create an environment that discourages rumors, since you already understand the destructive impacts of rumors in the workplace. Here are a few tips for handling rumors in such a situation:Stay Calm Practice Damage Control: Do not just start firing people or implementing strict disciplinary actions against employees who are suspected to be rumor starters. Instead, remain calm and try to practice damage control. Be quick in clarifying the actual situation and reducing the ambiguity, which led to the rumor getting started in the first place so employees can differentiate between the real situation and the rumor.Re-Shuffle Teams: If there are some employees who keep creating rumors because they simply cannot get along, break up the teams and re-shuffle the team members. Rather than trying to resolve conflict and dealing with a new rumor every day, if teams can be shuffled without hampering productivity, it is best that you make new teams so that work can continue with harmony.Break Cliques: Cliques can be formed at a department level or based on seniority, amongst many other reasons. These cliques can begin to gain a position of authority or try to gain influencing power over others by creating rumors. Discourage the formation of these cliques and monitor em ployees closely so no one is able to form a clique and spread rumors.Discourage Water Cooler Grouping: Water cooler gatherings and tearooms are a favorite place for employees to get-together for a gossip session or for discussing things going on around the office for which no clear explanation is present. Such places around the office have a tendency to make employees discuss their guesswork and create rumors. As a manager, keep note of this and discourage employees from having long conversations by the water cooler or tearooms, etc.Keep Communication Channels Open: Keep your doors open for your employees so they can come and discuss ambiguous situations with you rather than make or believe in rumors. When your employees feel comfortable in approaching you, they will believe in first-hand information received from you, not any rumor. Also, by keeping communication channel open, you will provide employees the opportunity for informing you regarding any rumors going around so you can control the situation before too much damage gets done.Make Policies Clear: Make policies that discourage rumors. Communicate these policies to your employees and make sure they are aware of how the management feels regarding rumors and rumor starters/spreaders.Build an Organizational Culture that Does not Nurture Rumors: Encourage friendly competition amongst your employees. Create a cooperative environment that encourages teamwork. Promoting an overly competitive environment can create resentments amongst employees and force employees to use negative means such as rumor spreading in order to gain power over other employees.CONCLUSIONIt is in our nature to make sense of things going on around us because ambiguity makes us uncomfortable. We use our imagination, our experience, our knowledge, and our opinions to fill in the gaps when we do not have complete information regarding a situation. Sometimes our evil side takes over and we resort to dirty tricks such as rumor spreading in o rder to put our competitors down. Regardless of why or how the rumor got started, what matters the most is how we handle it.It may not be possible for us to avoid getting in the middle of a rumor but by learning how to handle rumors effectively, we can make our lives easier and reduce the impact they have in our personal as well as professional lives.

A New Kind of MBA Ranking System

With all the controversy around the reliability of college ranking systems, the Aspen Institute’s Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranking tries something different. As its name suggests, Beyond Grey Pinstripes is no typical ranking. It looks at how business schools engage with social and environmental issues, rather than inputs, like grade-point averages and GMAT scores, or outcomes, like salary and student/employer satisfaction. An article in BusinessWeek (â€Å"Stanford Tops Green MBA Ranking†) looks at some of the highlights from the recently released BGP ranking report. One of the surprises is that Stanford’s Graduate School of Business replaces Schulich’s School of Business as the greenest business school in North American because of the many courses GSB offers on social and environmental issues. The results of the BGP rankings were particularly important this year because they shed light on the effect the economic crisis has had on the way business schools deal with ethical issues in business.   Judith Sameulson, executive director of the Aspen Institute Business and Society Program, which conducts the survey, explains, â€Å"Student demand, increased faculty readiness and administrators growing desire to clarify how they approach these issues as a school have brought these ideas to the forefront in the last two years.† The report has shown that there has been a 38% rise in the number of core classes at business schools dealing with social, ethical, and environmental issues in finance. The only question is: Is 38% enough to really prepare students for the complicated issues that they will find in the field? The BGP rankings also highlight one of the fundamental, and frequently hidden, truths of the various rankings. And it is as true of BGP as of US News or BW: If the ranking doesn’t measure or rank something important to you, it is irrelevant to you. If it measures qualities important to you in a graduate business education, then its rankings and its data may be valuable and worthwhile. However, because of the prominence of the larger rankings, be they US News, Financial Times, BusinessWeek, Forbes, or The Economist, they are considered more â€Å"important.† Don’t be fooled by the glossy magazine on the newsstand. If you are interested in social enterprise or sustainable development, BGP could be the most important ranking for you and a treasure trove of data and opinion. On the other hand, if you are not interested in these fields or in the distinct focus of BGP, then you can and will safely ignore Beyond Grey Pinstripes. The same should be true of all the rest of the rankings. Look at their criteria. If they match yours, use the data and consider the ranking. However, in most cases, your criteria (and mileage) will vary. Then use whatever data you can conveniently find, and disregard the actual ranking or at least take it with a very large grain of salt.

Thomas Paine And The American Revolutionary War - 991 Words

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine was a Founding Father and strode towards the thirteen colonies independence. Thomas Paine had an interesting life and career from failing in his apprenticeship with his father and at jobs while oversea to writing a variety of works like Common Sense, and the Age of Reason. Thomas Paine was an incredible writer who wrote with passion even though he was criticized greatly. Thomas Paine was an important person in the American Revolutionary War. Thomas Paine was born in Thetford, England on January 29, 1737 from a Quaker and Anglican descent. Thomas Paine’s father expected a lot from his son and had great plans for him. Thomas Paine at the age of twelve failed out of Thetford Grammar School. Thomas Paine started apprenticing his father who at the time was a stay maker but ended up failing in that as well. Thomas Paine at the age of nineteen decided to work as a tax officer and never did too well at that and was fired from the job twice his time in Englan d. At the age of twenty-two Thomas Paine’s wife Mary Lambert died while she went into child labor and their child died as well. Thomas Paine published The Case of the Officers of Excise in 1772. The main purpose of him writing this was to help in the cause of raising the pay for tax officers. Around spring in 1774 after being fired from being a tax officer again Thomas Paine just so luckily met Benjamin Franklin who was an Ambassador for the thirteen colonies and Benjamin Franklin was able to helpShow MoreRelatedCitizen Tom Paine And Freedom Road Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesthe novels Citizen Tom Paine (1943) and Freedom Road (1944). Citizen Tom Paine by Howard Fast depicts the conditions during The American Revolutionary War and its after math (1765-83). Freedom Road depicts the conditions of the former African slaves after The Civil War (1861-65) Thomas Paine is a political philosopher and thinker who has strived for the liberation of the Americans and African slaves since the time of American Revolutionary War. He is named as Tom Paine and is the protagonist ofRead MoreThe Revolutionary War787 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Paine Thomas Paine’s Role in the Revolutionary War Dallin Hodgkin Mountain View High School Paine What sparks a revolution? What motivates the average man to rise up against everything he’s ever known? There have been many revolutions that have taken place in the past and each one has had different elements that powered them. The revolutionary war is an example of one such revolution. But what gave it power? There are two main ideas that start revolutionsRead MoreThe Political Factions, By Thomas Paine And James Chalmers1368 Words   |  6 Pagesfactions, Thomas Paine and James Chalmers are major literary figures in describing loyalist and anti-loyalist sentiments in pre-revolutionary America. While Thomas Paine argued for America’s independence, James Chalmers counters the idea by proposing some of the possible negative consequences as well as down-playing the perceived necessity of declaring independence. The major points of contention in both of their arguments deal heavily with the outcome of the French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War) inclu dingRead MoreThomas Paine, an American Philosopher1267 Words   |  6 PagesAn American born philosopher, Thomas Paine, was a strong adherent for independence and was agnostic in the government. Born on January 29, 1737, Paine lived what we would now call a tough life (http://www.britannica.com). At a young age, Paine had to withdraw from school to help his father with work. He attempted many jobs such as a hunting smuggler and a collector of tobacco and liquor taxes (http://www.britannica.com). Paine failed at those other jobs he tried and in 1774, moved to PhiladelphiaRead MoreSimilarities Between The Declaration Of Independence And The Declaration Of Independence948 Words   |  4 PagesFew documents through American history have withstood the test of time and have become statement pieces for our society. In this group, the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson and Common Sense by Thomas Paine both hold high positions. Thomas Paine wrote â€Å"The Crisis†, whic h was a chapter in his pamphlet Common Sense, which advocated that the thirteen original colonies gain independence from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence was a government document written in 1776 that proclaimsRead MoreThe Ideas Of The Enlightenment, By Thomas Paine And The Declaration Of Independence767 Words   |  4 PagesThe ideas of the Enlightenment spread to the American colonies, profoundly influencing leaders of the Revolution to create a new structure of government. Enlightenment, as defined in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, can be broadly defined is the movement towards reason and individualism rather than tradition. The text, by Thomas Paine, challenged the principles of liberty, equality, and justice. Thomas Paine was a revolutionary thinker who used Enlightenment ideology as a platform to persuade towardsRead MoreEssay On Common Sense By Thomas Paine1541 Words   |  7 Pages24 March 2017 Common sense by Thomas Paine Thomas Paine, born february 9, 1737 was an english-american activist, philosopher, political theorist, and a revolutionary. He was one of the founding fathers of the united states. He is best known for one of his most influential pamphlets titled â€Å"Common Sense†. Through common sense, he inspired rebels in 1776 to declare independence from Britain during the enlightenment era.   Ã‚  Ã‚   During the American Revolution many Americans believed that they were fightingRead More Thomas Paine Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Paine For many years Thomas Paine was the epitome of American histories greatest drawback. In American history there is always that one detail that doesn’t make it into popular curriculum. Whether it be the point of view from the loosing side of a war, to the secret dalliances of a popular politician, to the truth of a times social opinion- the American student is taught only so much. The most proper, popular material makes it in; along with any major facts too commonly known to ignoreRead MoreEarly American Non Fiction Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesEarly American Non-Fiction Essay Through American history, there have been numerous examples of revolutionary writing that has changed the course of human events. For example, the Declaration of Independence was a mere three page document that was able to express America’s feelings toward Great Britain, and explain why America desired separation. Another fantastic example of revolutionary American writing is The Crisis by Thomas Paine. In this brief document, Thomas Paine was able to not only galvanizeRead MoreThomas Paine : Common Sense As A Historical Source882 Words   |  4 Pagesman who had been unsuccessful for most of his life, Thomas Paine published the pamphlet Common Sense. The pamphlet persuaded the colonists to declare independence from England, and take up arms in the Revolutionary War. Common Sense was highly effective in motivating the colonists to permanently separate from England and form a new nation. In American history, Thomas Paine became known as one our founding fathers. Paine’ s influence on American history is vastly significant, and remnants of that influence

The Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often called just the Commonwealth, is an association of 53 independent nations, all but one of which are former British colonies or related dependencies. Although the British empire is mostly no more, these nations grouped together to use their history to promote peace, democracy and development. There are substantial economic ties and a shared history. List of Member Nations Origins of the Commonwealth Towards the end of the nineteenth century changes began occurring in the old British Empire, as the colonies grew in independence. In 1867 Canada became a ‘dominion’, a self-governing nation considered equal with Britain rather than simply ruled by her. The phrase ‘Commonwealth of Nations’ was used to describe the new relationships between Britain and colonies by Lord Rosebury during a speech in Australia in 1884. More dominions followed: Australia in 1900, New Zealand in 1907, South Africa in 1910 and the Irish Free State in 1921. In the aftermath of the First World War, the dominions sought a new definition of the relationship between themselves and Britain. At first the old ‘Conferences of Dominions’ and ‘Imperial Conferences’, begun in 1887 for discussion between the leaders of Britain and the dominions, were resurrected. Then, at the 1926 Conference, the Balfour Report was discussed, accepted and the following agreed of dominions: They are autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. This declaration was made law by the 1931 Statute of Westminster and the British Commonwealth of Nations was created. Development of the Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth evolved in 1949 after the dependence of India, which was partitioned into two wholly independent nations: Pakistan and India. The latter wished to remain in the Commonwealth despite owing no â€Å"allegiance to the Crown†. The problem was solved by a conference of Commonwealth ministers that same year, which concluded that sovereign nations could still be a part of the Commonwealth with no implied allegiance to Britain as long as they saw the Crown as â€Å"the symbol of the free association† of the Commonwealth. The name ‘British’ was also dropped from the title to better reflect the new arrangement. Many other colonies soon developed into their own republics, joining the Commonwealth as they did so, especially during the second half of the twentieth century as African and Asian nations became independent. New ground was broken in 1995, when Mozambique joined, despite never having been a British colony. Not every former British colony joined the Commonwealth, nor did every nation who joined stay in it. For instance Ireland withdrew in 1949, as did South Africa (under Commonwealth pressure to curb apartheid) and Pakistan (in 1961 and 1972 respectively) although they later rejoined. Zimbabwe left in 2003, again under political pressure to reform. The Setting of Objectives The Commonwealth has a secretariat to oversee its business, but no formal constitution or international laws. It does, however, have an ethical and moral code, first expressed in the ‘Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles’, issued in 1971, by which members agree to operate, including aims of peace, democracy, liberty, equality and an end to racism and poverty. This was refined and expanded in the Harare Declaration of 1991 which is often considered to have â€Å"set the Commonwealth on a new course: that of promoting democracy and good governance, human rights and the rule of law, gender equality and sustainable economic and social development.† (cited from the Commonwealth website, page has since moved.) An action plan has since been produced to actively follow these declarations. Failure to adhere to these aims can, and has, resulted in a member being suspended, such as Pakistan from 1999 to 2004 and Fiji in 2006 after military coups. Alternative Aims Some early British supporters of the Commonwealth hoped for different results: that Britain would grow in political power by influencing the members, regaining the global position it had lost, that economic ties would strengthen the British economy and that the Commonwealth would promote British interests in world affairs. In reality, member states have proved reluctant to compromise their new found voice, instead working out how the Commonwealth could benefit them all. Commonwealth Games Perhaps the best known aspect of the Commonwealth is the Games, a sort of mini Olympics held every four years which only accepts entrants from Commonwealth countries. It has been derided, but is often recognised as a solid way to prepare young talent for international competition. Member Nations (with date of membership) Antigua and Barbuda 1981 Australia 1931 Bahamas 1973 Bangladesh 1972 Barbados 1966 Belize 1981 Botswana 1966 Brunei 1984 Cameroon 1995 Canada 1931 Cyprus 1961 Dominica 1978 Fiji 1971 (left in 1987; rejoined 1997) Gambia 1965 Ghana 1957 Grenada 1974 Guyana 1966 India 1947 Jamaica 1962 Kenya 1963 Kiribati 1979 Lesotho 1966 Malawi 1964 Maldives 1982 Malaysia (formerly Malaya) 1957 Malta 1964 Mauritius 1968 Mozambique 1995 Namibia 1990 Nauru 1968 New Zealand 1931 Nigeria 1960 Pakistan 1947 Papua New Guinea 1975 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1983 Saint Lucia 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1979 Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1970 Seychelles 1976 Sierra Leone 1961 Singapore 1965 Solomon Islands 1978 South Africa 1931 (left in 1961; rejoined 1994) Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) 1948 Swaziland 1968 Tanzania 1961(As Tanganyika; became Tanzania in 1964 after union with Zanzibar) Tonga 1970 Trinidad and Tobago 1962 Tuvalu 1978 Uganda 1962 United Kingdom 1931 Vanuatu 1980 Zambia 1964 Zanzibar 1963 (United with Tanganyika to form Tanzania)

The About The Sudanese Wedding - 1547 Words

The Sudanese wedding is a sacred and treasured ceremony celebrated throughout Sudan s culture for its intricacy, beauty, and traditional values.Nearly one year on from the British Royal wedding, I think about similarities with Sudanese weddings. No national holiday to celebrate, but 3 to 5 days of necessary customs to show off to Sudanese society who can spend obscene amounts of money on their children. (Sudanese Weddings: A Royal Shenanigan).Though Sudanese weddings are a glorious sight to behold, there are a multitude of tasking factors to consider when making a traditional Sudanese wedding. The expenses alone could be substantially high and this doesn t even cover the physical and emotional struggle it takes to prepare for the wedding, maintain the wedding, and to be married. It s a long and grueling job to make a Sudanese wedding as magnificent as it is portrayed to be, but once completed the outcome is a voluptuous scenery, grand decor, and a significantly tear-jerking ceremony. Before a wedding can occur there must be two people willing to be married. Marriages are traditionally arranged by the parents of the couple†¦.Matches are often made between cousins, second cousins, or other family members†¦..(Sudan). The husband must be wealthy enough to support his wife and give her gifts to confirm his commitment. This is because Sudanese weddings are not usually based on romantic inclination (though it sometimes happens), but a means to acquire wealth and cows. â€Å"RoseShow MoreRelatedEssay about Female Genital Mutilation in Islam1608 Words   |  7 PagesSamia, who was a Muslim girl born in a small Egyptian village close to the Sudanese border.   This story illustrates how a young woman realizes the act that she has to undertake, and how even the thought of circumcision fills her with great trepidation. Usually the female is mutilated without anesthesia, lying on her back, legs forced wide apart by as many as five helpers to hold her down (Gaudio 52).   In fact, it takes about five people to restrain a girl of only seven years.   If the operation isRead MoreThe Dark Color Is Used For Decoration And Hair Dyeing1282 Words   |  6 Pageswithout this chemical are far safer than those with this chemical, making the claim â€Å"chemical-free†, while not entirely true, a safety precaution to the masses who use mehndi. For many people of color, mehndi is used for religious ceremonies such as weddings. It is also used in parties as a fun pastime as well as for hair dye. Mehndi dyes the roots of the hair a reddish color and is sought after by many older women. In the western world, mehndi is a casual pastime. As a nonpermanent tattoo, it is deemedRead MoreEssay about Samba and the National Identity of Brazil2167 Words   |  9 Pagesarrival of Cabral, the first African slaves were brought to Brazil. With them came another racial, cultural, and musical infusion. There were three main ethnic groups that contributed to the boiling Brazilian melting pot: the Sudanese, the Bantu, and the Moslem Guinea-Sudanese. They contributed the circle dance and lundu song, a precursor to the samba. (Smith) As a result of the relative lack of African and Portuguese women in Brazil, the intermixing of the races was widespread and began earlyRead MoreWhat does Samba Represents to Brazil? Essay examples2337 Words   |  10 Pageslanding of Cabral, the first African slaves were brought to Brazil. With them came another racial, cultural, and musical infusion. There were three main ethnic groups that contributed to the simmering Brazilian melting pot: the Sudanese, the Bantu, and the Moslem Guinea-Sudanese. They contributed the lundu song and circle dance, a precursor to the samba. As a consequence of the relative lack of Portuguese and African women in Brazil, the intermingling of the races was extensive and began earlyRead MoreSeason of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih1919 Words   |  8 PagesColonized Feminism Being a Feminist and having a Feminist point of view in observing every cultural, social and historical issue had been translated as having a feminine centered and anti-masculine perception. Unlike the general and common knowledge about feminism, it is not only an anti-masculine perception towards social and individual issues. Feminism according to Oxford dictionary is the theory of the political, economic and social equality of the sexes that more commonly known as the pursuit ofRead MoreNuer Refugees from Sudan2588 Words   |  11 Pagesface and how they overcome them once they have been kicked out of their homes and immigrate to Minnesota in the United States. The journey of the Nuer to the United States began when their homeland was invaded by war between the North and South Sudanese. Nuer would explain how their homes would become the battlefields of the War in Southern Sudan. It was the battle between the government and the rebels. No one could side with either side and you could not remain neutral because one side would makeRead MoreEssay on Female Genital Mutilation1839 Words   |  8 PagesMiddle East, parts of Asia, and in immigrant communities in Europe and North America. An estimated 135 million of the worlds girls and women have undergone genital mutilation, and two million girls a year are at risk - approximately 6,000 per day - about one every 15 seconds. (1) Although Female Genital Mutilation predates Islam and is not practiced by the majority of Muslims, it has acquired this religious dimension. However, FGM is a cross-cultural and cross-religious ritual. In Africa and the MiddleRead More Arab Women and Their Spouses Essay 4787 Words   |  20 PagesLeila Al-Atrash, and A Balcony over the Fakihani, by Liyana Badr one might begin to analyze the different relationships between men and women in Arab culture. While any relationship is uniquely different, these novels will aid in getting a better idea about Arab women and their husbands. The stories begin with the novel Pillars of Salt where Maha and Um Saad are roommates in a mental hospital. Born a Bedouin woman by the Red Sea, in Jordan, Maha was a young woman living with her father and callousRead MoreMidterm: Slavery and Correct Answer4266 Words   |  18 Pages25 minutes out of 2 hours. Instructions Question 1 0 out of 2 points Which statement about the nature of the Islamic slave trade prior to European entry is true? Answer Selected Answer:   Ã‚   The Islamic slave trade mainly captured adult males for agricultural labor. Correct Answer:   Ã‚   The Islamic slave trade was not based primarily on race. Question 2 2 out of 2 points What is true about Native American relationships with African slaves? Answer Selected Answer:   Ã‚   NativeRead MoreIncome Taxation Solutions Manual 1 300300 Words   |  1202 Pagesearnings of $240,000 (actually the safe earnings which may differ from retained earnings). Therefore, $240,000 flows tax-free to Court corporation as an intercorporate dividend and the balance of $360,000 results in a capital gain and a tax cost of about $80,400. This, of course, is simpler for Spud and is recommended. The above permits Court to sell out with the least amount of tax. It also permits Spud to use corporate funds of Newco to complete the purchase with its funds after paying corporate

The Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis - 802 Words

If everyone else was doing something, would you? Or maybe if someone needed to be stood up for, would you have their back? In The Lottery, people do follow other people blindly. And the consequences are devastating. But in First They Came, not having someone’s back might get you in the same position†¦ The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story that takes place in a small village on a warm summer day. Little boy’s run around in boisterous play, collecting small stones into a pile. As the adults gather into the town square they call upon the children to join them. A man, Mr. Summers, calls out the rules as the postmaster, Mr. Graves, brings out a three legged stool and a black box. A man from each family comes up to the black box to draw a†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"First They Came† treats these themes slightly differently. In the poem, it shows how standing up for what’s right may not always be the easiest path, but it would tend to have the best ‘ending’. The author states, after narrowly escaping execution in a concentration camp, that he was plagued with grief and regret because he did not take that path. Maybe if he would have spoken out for the Jewish people, the Socialists, or the Trade Unionists, he may have had someone to back him u p when the Nazis came for him. The poem also portrays the ‘following the crowd can have disastrous consequences’ theme by showing how he was plagued with guilt because he just followed the crowd instead of standing up for justice. Both of these texts show the texts differently, but they also share similarities. In both stories, standing up for justice may have saved lives, and in both stories following the crowd had consequences. In the lottery, had Mr. Summers or even a normal villager would have stood up against just the idea of the lottery, they may have saved one life a year. In First They Came, there is the possibility that Mr. Neimoller stood up against the Germans, he may have sparked a rebellion, resulting in thousands of lives saved. In the end, both stories end up having the same themes and results. The Lottery was different from First They Came in thatShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson744 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Lotteryâ₠¬  - For Analysis 1. There are multiple examples to suggest that â€Å"The Lottery† is a ritualistic ceremony. In several instances â€Å"The Lottery† is referred to as a ritual: â€Å"..so much of the ritual had been forgotten..† and â€Å"†¦because so much of the ritual had been forgotten†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In addition, the ceremony happens annually on June 27th, a t0:00 a.m., suggesting a ceremonial quality. This happens with such regularity that the citizens â€Å"†¦only half listened to the directions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This ceremonyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis732 Words   |  3 PagesFollowing other people may have a positive or negative effect, but when it reaches a certain point where you blindly follow others it may not have a positive outcome. â€Å"The Lottery† made by Shirley Jackson is about a small community of villagers that gather together every year to perform a tradition. All of the villagers gather together and draw small sl ips of paper from a black wooden box, whoever draws the first slip with the black dot on it, their family has to draw first. Now all of the membersRead More Analysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay693 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson was written in 1948. The story takes place in a village square of a town on June 27th. The author does not use much emotion in the writing to show how the barbaric act that is going on is look at as normal. This story is about a town that has a lottery once a year to choose who should be sacrificed, so that the town will have a plentiful year for growing crops. Jackson has many messages about human nature in this shortRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson910 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Short Story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson explores the subject of tradition in her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. A short story is normally evaluated based on its ability to provide a satisfying and complete presentation of its characters and themes. Shirley describes a small village that engages in an annual tradition known as â€Å"the lottery†. Narrating the story from a third person point of view, Shirley uses symbolism, foreshadowing and suspense to illustrateRead MoreEssay on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson: an Analysis1522 Words   |  7 PagesKouyialis EN102: Composition II Professor Eklund The Lottery by Shirley Jackson: An Analysis The short story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson was written in 1948 and takes place in a small town, on the 27th of June. In this story, the lottery occurs every year, around the summer solstice. All families gather together to draw slips of paper from a black box. When reading this story, it is unclear the full premise of the lottery until near the end. The heads of households are the firstRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1534 Words   |  7 Pages Literary Analysis: â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a short story written in 1948. Due to World War II ending around this time, her story took some strong criticism. The people at that time wanted uplifting stories, and this story is the very opposite because of its underlying theme of tradition and conformity. â€Å"The Lottery† shows that no matter the tradition or belief, people will not stray from their daily routine because humans are creatures of habitRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson773 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story, The Lottery, written by Shirley Jackson, is about a small village or some type of society with a yearly tradition called, the lottery. From what the reader may read online, they may find out that during the time period Jackson wrote this, she was interested in magic and witchcraft. Not only that she was also rumored to have gotten rocks thrown at her by children who believed she was a witch. One may also say, that the story wa s absolutely unique and the ending completely shockingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1060 Words   |  5 Pagesthird point of view about other but our view are mostly to always limited, not knowing everything. In a story called â€Å"Charles† by Shirley Jackson, the author creates a limited first point of view of Laurels mother where the reader reads and understand only what Laurie’s mother understand and see. In the other story also written by Shirley Jackson called â€Å"The Lottery†, the story proceed at a limited third point of view where the reader understands more ideas. Although each storied have a differentRead MoreAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson993 Words   |  4 PagesSpanish author, When we blindly adopt a religion, a political system, a literary dogma, we become automatons. We cease to grow. Shirley Jackson was born in 1919 in San Francisco, California to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. She is most well known for her s hort story titled â€Å"The Lottery† which was first published in The New Yorker to overwhelming and mixed reviews. The lottery, as portrayed in the short story, is a religious, annual ceremony in the afternoon of June 27. This event is said to be olderRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson784 Words   |  4 Pagesthose groups. Then they came out for him and there was no one left to speak out for him. In the story â€Å"the lottery† by Shirley Jackson it explained how they play the lottery but rather than winning its actually a loss if you win. In the story they have a black box and slips of paper and if you have a black dot on your paper you get stoned to death. In their town it’s a tradition to play the lottery. So they come to the town square they all get called up to get their slip of paper and when everyone gets

My Goals in Life Free Essays

Everyone wants to be successful in life. One of the easiest ways to become successful is to set and achieve your own goals. There are many different types of goals. We will write a custom essay sample on My Goals in Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some take longer to accomplish than others, and they all have to be approached in a different way. Three types of goals are career goals, personal goals, and educational goals. My educational goal is to graduate from college with a degree in engineering. I’m still trying to pick out a college to go to. I’m only a junior in high school so it will be about five years before I achieve this goal. For me to achieve this goal I will have to work very hard on my school work, and I will have to become a better studier. My personal goal is to become a professional soccer player. Some people would say that that would be my career. They are right but I know that it’s a long shot to make it that far. I also know that I can’t do that forever. So I would still need a career to fall back on. I will have to practice very hard and really work to achieve this goal. My career goal is to become an engineer. I think it would be really neat to be able to design cars for a major company like GM. For me to achieve this goal I must first achieve my educational goal and graduate from college. These are just some of my goals. I plan to achieve these goals and others while being very successful. For me to achieve all of my goals I have to start working now. I’m going to work hard to achieve my career, personal, and educational goals. How to cite My Goals in Life, Papers My Goals in Life Free Essays I have many goals in my life, and I have learned to categorize them into short term, midterm, and long term goals. Doing so helps me keep my focus on what is immediate, and what it takes to make the long-term goals happen. It also allows me to keep my visions clear and in tune to what I want to achieve. We will write a custom essay sample on My Goals in Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Earning my MBA First, I want to earn my Masters in Business Administration degree. I know that this will prepare me for the life I want. More than the title, I want an MBA degree because I know that it will give me the appropriate knowledge that I need to put up my own business in the future. A formal education in business, especially that which is post-graduate, will also give me the proper training. It will be my baptism of fire into the world of business because it will detach me from the school-based business setting and move me into the real business world. Like Odysseus who had been in many adventures and conquests, most of them with complete uncertainty, it is my job to prepare myself to whatever can happen. Odysseus had instances where he hoped for good luck and relied in prayer and it showed how uncertain he and his colleagues were in their adventures. As factual as the story is, luck will sometimes turn towards me or otherwise. I know that I should be prepared no matter what happens. I deem formal education as a step for doing this. Success in business When I have finished my MBA, I can then take steps to make my next dream materialize. I want to be a businessman, managing my own business and giving products or services that people will want to buy. I want to be successful in the initiatives that I will undertake. Because I have all the proper knowledge, I know this is possible. I will study the possibilities well before starting my enterprise. I will think of a venture or merchandise that is incomparable with others. It could be something new like a new product or service, or something that can enhance what people already have. It will really be hard to pinpoint which industry at this time because it will largely depend on what the environment the business sector has at that time. I will then make a comprehensive feasibility study about my chosen field. Like pursuing my MBA, I will treat handling my business like a continuous opportunity for studying. I will give myself the chance to explore the new boundaries in the field that I will choose. I know that this will expand my knowledge and abilities as well as enhance my skills. Like Odysseus who remained true to the things that he envisioned, I should have a can-go attitude at all times. Settling down Success in business is only half of my accomplishments. I also aspire for a complete personal life. I can only achieve this by getting married. I view settling down with the person I love. We shall stay somewhere we both like, and have our own family. Most probably, we will be having children right after we get married. It is my goal to be able to provide for my family. I want to be able to answer all of their needs and, if possible, their wants. I also want to impart in them the lessons I have learned in life and hope that they will apply them in their own convictions. If this happens I am sure that they can lead good and productive lives that they will never even once regret. I know this because I am sure that making the right choices in life will do them good. Interconnection These goals are interconnected. I know that even if they have to happen at different times in my life, not achieving one will greatly affect the way that I can do the others. For instance, when I do not get my MBA I know that I will miss a lot of lessons that can help get my business started. I will likewise find it hard to get my business going. When I do not get successful in my business, it will also be difficult for me to provide for my family. Because this is the way that I want to work and earn a living, if I cannot be successful in my business I will have to struggle or maybe have to work in a company instead of being the boss of my own firm. I know that this will be difficult for me. Yet like Odysseus, I should consider that life is filled with trials. Things will not always go as planned. It takes prayers and actions to get things done, yet even in the times when one prays and acts a lot it is still not possible to achieve something that is not meant to be. People around should also be considered as they can make or break one’s dreams. Looking at these teachings from the classic literature, one conclusion comes to mind: we have our goals and we should do every thing that can make them happen, but we should equally be prepared for the diversions that will surely come our way. It is a lesson well learned. How to cite My Goals in Life, Essay examples My Goals in Life Free Essays There are aspects in life that have influenced me to have a better future. To begin that, I have set goals to better my life but it will take hard work and commitment to pursue them. It was not until recently when I have decided to get my life started and pursue the dreams that I have always wanted to have. We will write a custom essay sample on My Goals in Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are three primarily goals in my life I would like to achieve, my personal, academic and career goals. My personal goal is to have a stable financial. My academic goal is to graduate from college with a 3. GPA. As for my career goal, I would like to become a Registered Nurse. At this point in my life, I have realized that money has been an issue. This fact will lead us to my long-term personal goal which is to have a stable financial. It is very important to have a financial stability just in case of emergency or unexpected expenses. To improve my financial status, my intermediate goal is to have my credit cards debts and my loans paid off in two years from today. By doing that, I have made a short term goal, which is to spend less money that I earn, create a financial budget to help me save and to increase the money I earn by making more hours or possibly invest on something. Slowly, I am doing my best to accumulate money every day now. In order to achieve my academic goal, I will have to break many bad habits and dedicate my life to the grades I want in college. My long term academic goal is to major in Nursing in the year of 2015. Pursuing this goal will help get me started on my career path. My intermediate goal is to graduate from Valencia Community College with an A. S. degree and with at least a 3. 0 GPA or higher within two years. To build my GPA to a 3. 0, I must dedicate my time on studying and showing up in class every day. Before, I wasn’t as focused and didn’t care about school because I had thought that having fun is better than studying but now, I came to realized how academic will help me better my future and it will pay off. Furthermore, my long-term career goal is to get a job as a Registered Nurse by the time I am 28 years old. I love taking care of people and making sure that they have the care that they need. Registered Nurse is also a high paying job and many states are in high demand in nurses. To follow my long term career goal, I have set a intermediate goal. My intermediate goal is to do internships and/or externships in many medical sites; to get the experiences that I need to become one of the best nurse there is. Volunteering in clinics and hospitals will help me closer to my career path. I would have to send out my resumes and keep pushing myself to the top. In conclusion, setting goals are easy, but pursuing them consists of hard working and dedication. By the time I’m 29 years old, I want to be set in life with my personal, academic and career goals. I will have a steady financial within two years from today, by accumulating money. Majoring in Nursing by the year of 2015 and be a graduate student from Valencia Community College with a 3. 0 GPA or higher is my academic goal. Lastly, my career goal is to be a Registered Nurse by the age of 28. I am ready to live my life. How to cite My Goals in Life, Papers

Crow Testament Analysis free essay sample

As seen throughout Sherman Alexie’s work, despair and hardship caused by European influences among Native peoples is a common issue that seems to be a reoccurring element in his work. Through the use of figurative language, Alexie is able to transcribe those issues onto paper by using metaphors and illusions to describe emotions conveyed by the Native peoples. Sherman Alexie is a Native American writer that is influenced by his experiences while growing up on the Spokane Indian Reservation in the state of Washington. In many of Alexie’s works, he answers the questions â€Å"what is it like to be a Native American? † and â€Å"what does it mean to be a Native American? † In Sherman Alexie’s â€Å"Crow Testament†, he uses figurative language and figures of speech, such as metaphors, religious allusions, structure, and imagery to illustrate the hardships that Native Americans experienced through the crow in the last lines of each stanza. Although his different use of writing styles are not intended to be taken literally, they give the reader the emotions of despair and agony Native peoples experienced that cannot be given with the use of literal meanings of words. Although Alexie describes the hardships that the natives went through, he adds positive notes that describe how the natives are not afraid of death. Sherman Alexie uses metaphors to help create a descriptive picture in the reader’s mind. He uses interesting characters such as the crow and other animals to describe people. As mentioned in the first line, â€Å"Cain lifts Crow, that heavy black bird†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The first metaphor, the crow, which is the main character of this poem, stands for any oppressed people, but more specifically the native peoples in the Americas. This poem would not have the same meaning if the crow stood for a different kind of person. Throughout the poem, the crow is constantly suppressed and not given any respect from the characters that represent the white man. Religion is a prominent theme in many of Alexie’s works however, â€Å"Crow Testament† revolves around the influence of white religions on native people. In the bible, crows and ravens stand for evil and impurity. Alexie exploits this by having the crow represent natives because the white man, throughout manifest destiny, view the natives as crows. Another metaphor that Alexie uses for the white man is a falcon. Native Americans view falcons with good qualities and respect. This is important because the falcon is symbolic to when the Europeans in general first came to the Americas with open arms to the natives. They were first viewed as harmless and friends until they savaged their lands without any consent of the natives. In â€Å"Crow Testament,† the falcon steals the salmon from the crow, which represents how the white man took advantage of the natives’ openness to them. Alexie’s use of the pale horse is a direct reference to the book of Revelation. According to the story, the pale horse is one of the Four Horses of the Apocalypse and its rider is Death. In the poem, the crow is riding the pale horse into a powwow, but none of the natives panic. Alexie is trying to demonstrate that the natives understand where their fate will take them and are riding right into their own apocalypse. Alexie ends on a positive note by saying that the native already have embraced their pending death, and the white man cannot take their beliefs of the afterlife away from them. If a reader were to take any of these metaphors literally, the poem would not have much meaning and many stanzas would not make any sense. The use of the characters from the Book of Genesis, Cain and Abel, set the stage of the deeper meanings of the poem with the use of religious allusions. It shows how the Bible will be a major theme in the development of the characters and the meaning of the poem as a whole. Cain striking down Abel shows how the white man and his religion are revolved around violence against each other. The Crow questions the beliefs of the white man, by saying â€Å"The Crow God as depicted in all the reliable Crow bibles look exactly like a Crow. † Alexie used â€Å"Crow God† instead of â€Å"Falcon God† because he is comparing their god to humans, which allows the reader to understand that Alexie is saying how the white man’s god is also in the Native’s image as well. With the use of the crow metaphor, Alexie comments how someone can worship someone who is in his exact image. Alexie also shows how it might be easy for any European American to worship someone who is man. The God from the bible is described as an all-powerful white man who looks like human beings. Because the European Americans worship a God in their own image, it shows how the natives are not in their same image and therefore born sinners. In this stanza, â€Å"The Crow God as depicted in all the reliable Crow bibles look exactly like a Crow. Damn, says crow, this makes it so much easier to worship myself. † Alexie mocks Christian beliefs as a whole by subtly pointing out the arrogance in the white man. Through this stanza of the poem, it is evident that Alexie uses humor by mocking this religion with how ridiculous it is to worship a god in man’s image. Alexie uses another reference from the Bible by mentioning the Battle of Jericho from the Book of Joshua. The Battle of Jericho is described to be the first battle of the Israelites throughout their conquest of Canaan. Joshua led the Israelite army in his campaign for the long sought Arc of the Covenant, killing everyone in his path. As the poem mentions, â€Å"Among the ashes of Jericho, Crow sacrifices his firstborn son. Damn, says Crow, a million nests are soaked with blood. † Alexie adds this to the poem because the people of Jericho represent the Native Americans and the Israelites representing the white men and their campaign for resources. The white men wiped out the majority of the Native American populations, just like the citizens of Jericho in the Book of Joshua. The â€Å"million nests soaked in blood† stands for the natives who lost their lives during the European conquest of the Americas. The structure of â€Å"Crow Testament† has a very interesting style in the way Alexie wrote it. There are a total of seven stanzas in the poem with only a few lines in each one. This style that Alexie used improves the poem by allowing the reader to feel that there are stages in the poem, just like there were stages in depletion of the Native American dominance in the Americas. At the end of every stanza, the crow’s comments are a reassurance given by Alexie showing the despair and harsh reality of the life of a Native American. For example, the end of the second stanza where the white man disguised as a falcon steals the salmon, the crow mentions that he would have left the country years ago if he knew what was to become of his people. The last lines of each stanza are filled with hindsight by the crow as he describes what he would do in each situation if he would of known of the outcome prior to it happening. The use of imagery is found in many works that Alexie has published. In â€Å"Crow Testament† specifically, the fifth stanza of the poem states that beaks and talons filled the air, which suggests that the reader envision a sky riddled with war. Also, the white man disguised as a falcon swoops the salmon from the crow where Alexie uses the word â€Å"swoops† to let the reader see how the disguised white man quickly came and stole the salmon using force. This similarly happened when the first Europeans settled in the Americas. Alexie also states, â€Å"Among the ashes of Jericho† which can give the reader an image of a burnt landscape. This landscape can represent the Americas during the fall of the native people. Furthermore, as mentioned in the poem, â€Å"†¦they sky fills with beaks and talons. † This imagery depicts how war will take over the land and be a common sight. Through the use of figurative language, Alexie is able to amplify the emotions of despair and hardship that can be seen through Native peoples. Alexie uses the crow’s character as a metaphor for oppressed people while Cain resembles European influence on the Native’s traditions. Alexie uses an allusion of religion through the characters, Cain and Abel, which represent the characters in the Old Testament in the book of Genesis. With the crow, Alexie is able to show the reader of the tragic life that Native Americans lived through while living on reservations. The use of imagery is an important tool used by Alexie, which lets the reader use their imagination with words that were used. With the last two stanzas of the poem, Alexie shows that the Native peoples have nothing left to lose, saying how they all live near the end of the world. Reading the last stanza at first will leave the reader thinking that the poem ends in a negative note however; Alexie ends on a positive note saying that there is nothing left for the white man to take away from the Native Americans. Although there are many things that left the natives in agony and despair, the white man is unable to take away their acceptance of the pale horse and its rider, Death.

Biotechnology Environmental Consequences

Question: Discuss about theBiotechnologyfor Environmental Consequences. Answer: Tittle of the Grant Application Identification and application of the Biosurfactants for the use in the marine oil spill remediation. Background The oil releases can raise a noteworthy environmental consequences in the marine world and the marine environment gets highly effected by these oil pills. One of the early responses of the oil pills that chemical are dispersed in the marine environment. These chemical includes hydrocarbon and metals. However, the increasing awareness of the public regarding the environmental pollution have influence the discovery and development of the technologies which will be helpful for the clearance of the inorganic and organic compounds like metals and hydrocarbons. The Biosurfactants are one type of surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms. These are surface?active amphipathic molecules which have a wide structural diversity. These diversity endows these molecules with the unique properties they have. The properties of the biosurfactants includes higher selectivity, better environmental compatibility and biodegradability in comparison to other synthetic surfactants. As the marine mi croorganism goes through different physiological and metabolic adaptation due to their survival in the extreme habitat, the biosurfactants that are produced by marine bacteria have the ability to retain its activity in the extreme condition of the salinity, pH and temperature (Szulc et al. 2014 pp.121-128). The biosurfactants mainly belongs to a group of amphiphilic biomolecules which is structurally diverse. They have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. In general the biosurfactants are grouped in the high and low molecular weight consisting molecules. The low molecular weight biosurfactants consist of lipopeptides and glycolipids and there are some other high molecular weight polymeric biosurfactants. As these biosurfactants have a high biodegradability and low toxicity they are very promising for their use as the alternative to the synthetic surfactant. Since the biosurfactants have the ability to facilitate the emulsification process of hydrocarbon in the aqueous phase an d thus enhanced the microbial uptake and subsequent degradation. However, there are very few marine microbial community present that are been explored and used for the production of the surface active molecules. To understand the biodegradation process in the deep water environment is very necessary as oil exploration and extraction is very fast in the water. This understanding will help to optimize response measure to be taken whenever a potential oil spill occurs using this bioremediation approaches. The microbial biosurfactants are less toxic than the chemical surfactants so these biosurfactants can be a replacement of the chemical surfactants in several types of applications (Nikolopoulou et al. 2013 pp.37-44). Aims of the Project To investigate the biosurfactants production efficiency and quality of the isolated consortia and the pure strains isolated from the water column of hydrocarbon- contaminated marine area with CO as the sole carbon source. To determine the isolation, screening, detection, and characterisation of the biosurfactant producing microorganism. Hypothesis The marine hydrocarbon degraders are mostly biosurfactant producers and this characteristic of these specific community of microorganism has insisted the researchers to investigate the efficiency of the biosurfactant production rates and quality of the marine hydrocarbon degraders. The biosurfactant production ability of the organism should also be investigated and there should be an evaluation of the composition of the biosurfactant that whether it is toxic or hazardous to the environment or not. The distribution rate of the biosurfactant that how fast they are able to disperse and the effectiveness of the biosurfactant in the degradation procedure of the oil hydrocarbons must also be evaluated. Methodology and Approach Sample Collection Six seawater samples were to be collected from six different location of the water bodies present in the industrial area mainly where there is a presence of oil refinery in the industrial area. As there is the presence of oil refinery there may be slow seepage of the oil from the storage tanks, so there may be a probable chance of presence of hydrocarbon degrading microorganism. The main aim of the sampling campaign is to isolate potential hydrocarbon degraders from the water sample. Preparation of the culture An enrichment culture is to be prepared by adding 10 ml of the water sample along with the respective media in an Erlenmeyer flasks. The media used for the isolation purpose is the polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-amended minimal liquid medium. Then the culture should be incubate in the incubator shaker at 20 degree centigrade at a rate of 150rpm. Screening of the organism For the screening and isolation of the pure biosurfactant producing strain the Drop Collapse Test was performed. Where the deionised water was taken as the negative control. For the Drop Collapse Test the organism is to be incubated at 14 degree centigrade. The Drop Collapse Test was to be performed once in every week before the re-inoculation. Community screening For the screening of the community of the organism PCR and pyrosequencing is to be performed. The total genomic DNA was extracted. The DNA yield and quality was to be determined by the agarose gel electrophoresis of 5 l of DNA extract. For PCR the primers are used to amplify the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA. The 16s rRNA sequence of every organism will be different as it is the hypervariable region of the gene it varies from species to species. Characterisation of the strain The characterisation of the pure isolates around 200 l of each of the culture is to be centrifuged for 5 minutes at 10000g and after the collection of the PCR amplified product of the 16S rRNA , it was compared with the NCBI nr and 16s database using the software of BLAST algorithm to find out the closest described relative or more precisely species respectively. Biosurfactant production (cultivation, extraction, and purification) PAH-amended minimal liquid medium is used for the cultivation of the isolated strain. The extraction of the biosurfactant from the medium was performed by liquid-liquid extraction. For the purification of the produced crude extract of the biosurfactant Silica Gel Column Chromatography was to be conducted. Detection of the Biosurfactant The detection of the biosurfactant was done by performing the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of the crude extract on ac pre-coated silica gel. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy that is infrared spectroscopy as well as Mass Spectroscopy can also be used for the detection of the Biosurfactants. However, here TLC is chosen for the detection of the biosurfactant because among the detection technologies present it is the most cost effective technique. Significance, Innovation and National Benefit There are many different benefit present of the biosurfactants which possess huge significance in the innovation of the environmental conservation and the national benefit. The biosurfactant are effective in oil spill clean-up operation, bioremediation of the oil-contaminated environments and marine oil pollution, environmental application, bioremediation of the hydrocarbon contaminated sites. The advantages of the biosurfactants are as follows Microbes can easily degrade them. It has good digestibility and compatibility with the other living organism. The Toxicity it has is low. It possess capacity of emulsification. They are easily available and in large quantity as they are produced from the raw material which are very cheap. The property of them to maintain sustainability makes them ecologically accepted. Figure 1 Importance of the biosurfactant in different areas Source: (Anon, 2016) The national benefit exist in the matter that by the use of the Biosurfactants the government can avoid the issues related to the environmental pollution while using and producing the products of the oil refineries. Therefore the government should take initiative to promote this type project and the in recent decades it will be very beneficial for the governments in the domain of the petroleum business which gives highest sort of development of economy nowadays. So the government can deliver oil and oil associated product without raising any environmental issue so it will proved to be very beneficial for the government in using the oil refineries and oil products and also it will help the government to maintain an eco-friendly marine environment in the nation. Budget Budget SL.No. Amount Sub- total 1 Personal Cost of the chemical and instruments $60,500 Cost of the Man power used $32,425 Contigency fund $28,200 Total personnel Expenses $121,125 2 Direct expenses Expenses used interviews and other expenses $15,000 Total Direct Expenses $15,000 3 Travel Domestic travel $3,860 International travel $6,620 Total Travel Expenses $10,480 Total Expenses $146,605 Over head @ 10 % $14,661 Total Request of Grant $161,266 The major expenses in this project is the cost of the personal expenses it includes the cost of the chemical and the culture media to be used in this project. It also includes the cost of the instruments that are to be bought for different purpose of the project. The instrument involved in this project are the PCR thermocycler, pyro Sequencer, laminar air flow, Column chromatography apparatus, BOD incubator, Autoclave, and spectrophotometer. This part of the expenses also includes the cost of the man power used in this project and the contingency fund. The contingency fund includes the fund for miscellaneous expenses including whatever little things required to perform the experiment and take it through smoothly. The second most important expenses of this project is the expenses related to the direct expenses. The direct expenses includes the expenses required for the interview and all other recruitment and engage procedure required for the smooth running of the project. This direct expense also includes the expenses used for the travelling conveniences to the laboratory and other places. The third section of the expenses includes the travelling expenses. This travelling expenses includes the expenses of the domestic and international travelling required for the collection of the sample from different places and industrial sites. An overhead cost of 10 percent was incorporated for keeping some extra fund so that if any how the budget crosses in any of the domain of the expenses then it can be manipulated or managed with this overhead cost. Lay Summary of the Proposed Study The impact of the increase in the awareness of the peoples about the environmental pollution is that the researchers are impelled to investigate, search and develop different alternative technologies and techniques that can help in the cleaning of the inorganic and organic contaminants like the hydrocarbons and metal form the environment. The previous remediation technology includes utilization of the chemical biosurfactants. However, the chemical biosurfactants have toxic affect over the marine environment while removing the oil spills and hydrocarbon so the researcher have developed an alternative and eco-friendly method for the remediation techniques of the environments contaminated with the pollutant of the oil refineries which includes the use of the biosurfactant and the biosurfactant producing microorganisms. The diversity of the biosurfactants and biosurfactants producing organism makes them a very interesting groups of compound and microorganism to be used widely in the biot echnological and industrial applications. The purpose this experiment is incorporate more advances in the application of the biosurfactants and biosurfactant producing microorganism in the remediation technology of the hydrocarbon, metals and the pollutants of the oil refineries. Reference Szulc, A., Ambro?ewicz, D., Sydow, M., ?awniczak, ?., Piotrowska-Cyplik, A., Marecik, R. and Chrzanowski, ?., 2014. The influence of bioaugmentation and biosurfactant addition on bioremediation efficiency of diesel-oil contaminated soil: Feasibility during field studies. Journal of environmental management, 132, pp.121-128. Nikolopoulou, M., Pasadakis, N., Norf, H. and Kalogerakis, N., 2013. Enhanced ex situ bioremediation of crude oil contaminated beach sand by supplementation with nutrients and rhamnolipids. Marine pollution bulletin, 77(1), pp.37-44. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.innovativepublication.com/admin/uploaded_files/IJMR_3(1)_5-10.pd [Accessed 21 Oct. 2016].